Recent advance about cytokines of proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading cause of blindness and caused by abnormal repairs for the damaged vitreous and retina.The formation of PVR involves many cytokines, including platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, connective tissue growth factor, etc.The Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.The migration and proliferation of RPE cells are associated with the PKC/ERK and Akt/mTORCl signaling pathway.Non-PDGF cytokines indirectly active PDGF receptor α, which seems to be the key pathway in the development of PVR.The methods of cocktail neutralizing reagents targeted to multiple cytokines and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine are effective in preventing PVR.Here, we reviewed the mechanisms and signaling pathways of multiple relevant cytokines involved in development and treatment of PVR.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy; Platelet derived growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Hepatocyte growth factor; Transforming growth factor-β; Signaling pathway; Treatment research