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The numbers of population with diabetes have risen sharply worldwide.China has become a country with high incidence of diabetes.Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a crucial microvascular complication of diabetes, has become one of the major ocular diseases causing blindness among the working age population, bringing tremendous burden to the society and families.Recently, increasing number of attentions has been paid to DR.Various basic and clinical studies have been performed to discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of DR.In the year 2019, the American Ophthalmological Association published a new version of Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern®, which introduced the definition, epidemiology, classification, examination, diagnosis and treatment of DR in great detail.This article will precede a comprehensive interpretation to this edition, hoping to standardize the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of DR, so as to better reduce the family and social burden of patients.