Interpretation of Management of inflammation in dry eye disease: recommendations from a European panel of experts

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disease with significant impact on vision and quality of life.Early anti-inflammatory therapy with topical glucocorticoids and/or cyclosporine A (CsA) is recommended by the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS) Ⅱ report.Currently, there is no clear guidance on several aspects of the use of glucocorticoids and CsA in the management of DED, such as when and how to start therapy.Therefore, a European panel of dry eye experts developed a consensus through a questionnaire covering disease and progression, patient management, efficacy, safety and tolerability of CsA, patient education and criteria that are easy to apply in the clinic, and proposed specific treatment protocols for glucocorticoids and CsA in the treatment of DED.China has just started anti-inflammatory therapy for DED with little information to guide clinical practice.Hence, combining the consensus and relevant literature, this article interprets the role of inflammation in the development of DED, the inflammatory manifestations of DED and the anti-inflammatory therapy to guide the ophthalmologists in clinical practice.

Dry eye; Inflammation; Anti-inflammatory treatment; Consensus interpretation