Research progress on the role of ON-OFF visual pathways in myopia and their potential mechanisms

Myopia is a common eye disease.According to a World Health Organization study, China has 600 million myopia patients, the highest number in the world, and the highest myopia rate among adolescents.Myopia occurs as a result of various factors, including environmental factors, genetic factors, eye evolutionary patterns, and sociocultural factors.Within the visual system, the ON and OFF visual pathways are key components responsible for processing visual information, mediating responses to light increments and decrements, respectively.Increasing evidence suggests that the ON and OFF visnal pathways exert selective influences on ocular growth and myopia development.An imbalance in the activation of these two pathways may be closely associated with the onset and progression of myopia.However, the various mechanisms and factors involved are still unclear.Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify the relevance of the ON-OFF visual pathway to the development of myopia and the possible mechanisms of action, as well as their potential mechanisms, providing new theoretical insights for future research on myopia prevention and control.