Research progress on the role of RPE cell proliferation in the occurrence and development of PVR

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a fibroproliferative disease that occurs after retinal detachment or retinal detachment surgery. The main pathological changes involve the migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cell proliferation is an important part of the PVR pathological mechanism, which is interconnected with migration, EMT, and other processes, and regulated by a complex signaling network. Understanding the mechanism of RPE cell proliferation in PVR is of great significance for understanding the complete development process of PVR. The key point of RPE cell proliferation lies in the regulation of cell cycle. Starting from the cell cycle, this paper sorts out the cytokines that affect RPE cell proliferation, such as PDGF, VEGF, EGF, FGF. These signaling factors further activate related pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Wnt pathways. The role of related miRNAs is also summarized. Clarifying the mechanism of RPE cell proliferation in PVR can facilitate better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of PVR, and also provide feasible directions for the study on treatment or prevention of PVR.