Research progress of mitochondrial axonal transport dysfunction in the mechanism of optic nerve injury in glaucoma

As the ” power factory” of cells, mitochondria provide energy for various life activities of cells through oxidative phosphorylation, and play an important role in regulating cell metabolism, participating in cell signal transduction, mediating cell death and immune inflammation. Mitochondria are transported and correctly distributed in neuronal axons through axonal transport. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial axonal transport disorders play a key role in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma. In this article, the mechanism of mitochondrial axonal transport dysfunction in the optic nerve injury in glaucoma is reviewed, which provides a reference for further research on the role of mitochondrial axonal transport in the protection of the optic nerve in glaucoma, and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of glaucoma.