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Endothelium keratoplasty(EK), due to its short operation time, fast postoperative healing and better postoperative visual prognosis, has gradually replaced penetrating keratoplasty in recent years as the preferred surgery for treating corneal endothelial decompensation.A recent study has reported the clinical results of the successful treatment of bullous keratopathy with human corneal endothelial cells cultured in vitro and anterior chamber injection, which opened a new era of EK.This method simplifies the operation procedure, avoids the complications related to the dislocation of corneal endothelial graft, and significantly improves the utilization rate of donor corneal materials.Nevertheless, long-term prognosis and outcome of patients undergoing this treatment remain to be clarified before introducing this approach into wider clinical practice.