Clinical features and diagnostic progress of orbital lymphoma

Orbital lymphomas (OLs) are the common types of ocular lymphomas.The disease is an extranodal malignant tumor, which can be either primary orbital or secondary to orbital involvement of systemic lymphoma.OLs are more common in women and usually present with unilateral eyeball protrusion and periorbital swelling.The symptoms of indolent lesions last longer, while the rapid development of invasive lesions is often accompanied by pain and inflammation.Symptoms such as ptosis, diplopia and visual impairment can also occur when the tumor involves different tissues in the orbit.The clinical features and imaging findings of OLs are not specific, so OLs need to be identified with a variety of orbital diseases.Therefore, when patients have certain non-specific orbital symptoms, orbital CT, MRI and other imaging examinations are required to check the orbital situation.Further surgical biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis at an early stage.The current gold standard for the diagnosis of OLs is histopathological examination, and its classification and staging depend on immunohistochemical analysis and PET-CT, respectively.The clinical staging of the disease directly affects the development of the treatment plan and the prognostic outcomes, so once the diagnosis is confirmed and the staging of OLs is completed, the appropriate treatment plan can be formulated as soon as possible.This article reviews the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of OLs in recent years to further understand the disease and provide a reference for clinical work.

Orbit; Lymphoma; Symptom; Pathology; Imaging; Staging; Diagnosis