From evidence to practice: key elements for effective prevention of myopia in children and adolescents

The prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents has become a strategic health task in China, with the important goals of preventing myopia onset and reducing the incidence of myopia in adolescents.Currently, it is urgent to implement a strategy that emphasizes both prevention and control, advances the prevention checkpoint, and focuses on key populations.At present, how to accurately assess individual risks, how to meet differentiated prevention needs, how to optimize group and individual prevention technology solutions to maximize resource utilization, etc., are still key issues that urgently need to be addressed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of myopia prevention.Based on current evidence, this paper discusses key elements of myopia prevention in children and adolescents.These include the assessment of individual hyperopia reserve to identify high-risk individuals at an early stage, the development of simplified methods to measure hyperopia reserve and classify refractive status, and the establishment and refinement of risk prediction models by integrating genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.Additionally, personalized prevention strategies should be tailored to different age groups and risk levels, with appropriate and comprehensive interventions-such as outdoor activities, optical correction, and pharmaceutical treatments-at both the individual and population levels.This paper aims to provide a reference for research directions in myopia prevention, promote personalized and precise myopia prevention and control practices, and accelerate the reduction of myopia rates in children and adolescents.

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