Progress of GNAQ/GNA11 mutation in uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, which not only affects patients’ visual function, but easily leads to death.Despite the advance in local treatments of UM, there has been no change in patients’ survival for three decades.The main reason is lack of knowledge about the pathogenesis of UM.GNAQ and GNA11 are responsible for encoding q polypeptide of α subunit in G protein.Many studies indicate that GNAQ and GNA11 have the high mutation rate in UM, which may drive early tumor growth.This paper describes the function changes after GNAQ and GNA11 mutation, and some signaling pathways related to the proliferation of UM.We hope to provide a little enlightenment for the early screening and targeted drug research of UM.