Advances in surgical management of convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia

Convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia (CI-IXT) is a subtype of intermittent exotropia.Surgery remains the most commonly used treatment.Improved unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (I-RR), slanted or nonslanted bilateral medial rectus resection (BMRs) and bilateral slanted lateral rectus recession (S-BLRc) are the commonly used modalities for surgical treatment.These treatment modalities have been able to correct distance and near exotropia and simultaneously reduce the near-distance difference.The clinical application of slanted or nonslanted BMRs is limited due to exodrift over time.I-RR and S-BLRc are widely used in clinics for patients with CI-IXT because of better long-term outcomes.A good knowledge of the different indications of each procedure and its appropriate application can lead to good clinical results.This article reviews recent advances in the surgical management of CI-IXT.

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