Correlation between pen-holding posture, grip strength and myopia in school-aged children

Authors: Wu Yuxiao, Tao Zhengyang, Xu Zhirong, Lin Yu, Deng Hongwei, Zhao Jun
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220929-00462
  

Citation:

Wu YX, Tao ZY, Xu ZR, et al. Correlation between pen-holding posture, grip strength and myopia in school-aged children[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol,2024,42(9):827-833. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220929-00462.

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Objective  To investigate the correlation between pen-holding posture, grip strength and myopia.

Methods  A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 496 school-aged children in grades 1-6, who underwent eye examinations at Shenzhen Eye Hospital from November 2021 to May 2022 were consecutively enrolled as subjects.The subjects’ age, grade, sex, refractive error and age of school enrollment were recorded.Subjects’ grip strength and pen-holding posture were obtained with an electronic grip strength meter and a tool pen, and subjects were divided into correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group according to their pen-holding posture.Propensity scores for sex, grade, age at school entry, and grip strength in the two groups were matched using the nearest neighbor matching method.Multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis was performed with binocular myopia, monocular myopia, and emmetropia as dependent variables and grip strength, grade, refractive error, and pen-holding posture as independent variables.The correlation between grip strength and spherical equivalent was examined by Spearman rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.2022KYPJ032).

Results  After matching propensity scores, there were 101 cases and 197 cases in the correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group, respectively.There was no statistical significance in sex, grade, age at enrollment, and grip strength between the two groups (all at P>0.05).Multinomial logistic regression results showed that using emmetropia as a reference, higher grade (4 versus 1∶7.601[1.307-44.206]; 5 versus 1∶4.392[1.039-18.562]), presence of anisometropia (21.366[5.750-79.397]) were relative risk factors for monocular myopia (all at P<0.05), and higher grade (3 versus 1∶4.389[1.783-10.800]); 4 versus 1∶15.398[3.267-72.574]; 5 versus 1∶7.447[2.232-24.851]; 6 versus 1∶6.462[2.116-19.734]) were relative risk factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).Taking monocular myopia as a reference, higher grade (6 versus 1∶4.582[1.193-17.589]), presence of anisometropia (0.141[0.069-0.289]), and irregular pen-holding posture (2.608[1.340-5.075]) were associated factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).According to partial correlation analysis, the spherical equivalent of the right eye of children with incorrect pen-holding posture was negatively correlated with the grip strength ( r s=-0.141, P=0.047).

Conclusions  There is an association between pen-holding posture and myopia in school-aged children.Children with greater grip strength and incorrect pen-holding posture may have higher degrees of right eye refractive error.

Myopia;Pen-holding posture;Grip strength;Myopia control

Authors Info & Affiliations

Wu Yuxiao
College of Medical Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao 334000, China
Tao Zhengyang
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, China
Xu Zhirong
Department of Medical Technology, Bijie Medical College, Bijie 551700, China
Lin Yu
Shenzhen Yushu Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518031, China
Deng Hongwei
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen 518040, China
Zhao Jun
Ophthalmology Department, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affilliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
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