Progress in the application of neuropeptides to corneal diseases

Neuropeptides, as a class of small molecule active substances with neuroregulatory and immunomodulatory functions, play a key role in the physiological and pathological processes of the cornea.Neuropeptides are synthesized, stored, and secreted by the trigeminal neurons that innervate the cornea, and communicate with immune cells, epithelial cells, and stromal cells through G protein-coupled receptors, forming a complex signaling network that maintains ocular surface homeostasis.Under normal circumstances, the release of neuropeptides promotes corneal repair and prevents pathogen invasion.However, abnormal neuropeptide synthesis or receptor dysfunction can lead to an imbalance in ocular surface homeostasis, triggering various eye diseases.This article systematically reviews the research progress of neuropeptides in corneal diseases, focusing on the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of key neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and neuropeptide Y in corneal injury repair, inflammation regulation, nerve regeneration, and pain management.At the same time, this articles discusses the development of new drug delivery strategies, the research progress of neuropeptide modulators, as well as the current challenges and future development directions to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the clinical treatment of corneal diseases.

KEYWORDS：

Cornea; Neuropeptide; Calcitonin gene-related peptide

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