Research progress in tissue engineering retina

Tissue engineering retina is the combination of retinal cells and biomaterials in vitro to construct tissues similar to the structure and function of the retina in vivo, which has broad application prospects for the construction of retinal disease models and transplantation for the treatment of retinal diseases. In recent years, focusing on the construction of tissue-engineered retinal pigment epithelium, tissue-engineered neural retina, and various tissue-engineered retinal complexes, in vitro fabrication technologies such as 3D bioprinting, microfabrication, and retinal organoids have been continuously advancing. These technologies have made certain progress in cell source selection, spatial structure construction, and tissue layer integration, thereby providing novel research ideas for the development of tissue-engineered retinas with higher bionic fidelity. The research progress, application and technical difficulties of tissue engineering retina are reviewed in this paper.