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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes.It includes microvascular disease and neuronal function change.For the early treatment of DR, there are a variety of drugs and biologic preparations, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As a kind of tissue engineering cell, it has broad prospects and gradually receives increasing attention.MSCs have strong ability of multi-directional differentiation and immune-regulation.Treating DR by MSCs may have a variety of mechanisms.Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of DR have been confirmed.According to the studies of MSCs in vitro and in vivo experiments.The researchers found that different MSCs transplantation approaches can improve retinal function in early DR and delay the development of DR.This paper was to a review on the research progress.