Research progress of choroidal neovascularization secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a self-limiting disease characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina affecting the macular area.Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common complication of CSC which would lead to a poor visual prognosis.Recent studies have shown that disease duration is a main important risk factor for CNV secondary to CSC.Although the mechanism is not fully understood, it may involve various pathological mechanisms including choroidal ischemia and hypoxia and impaired retinal barrier function.Multimodal imaging techniques can improve the detection rate of CNV secondary to CSC, while optical coherence tomography showing hyperreflective flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment requires high vigilance for the possibility of secondary CNV.The utilization of photodynamic therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs improves its visual prognosis, but it still lacks consensus on treatment regimen.This article reviews the research progress in risk factors, pathogenesis, multimodal imaging for diagnosis and treatment of CNV secondary to CSC to help better understand the mechanism of CNV formation and optimize the clinical management of such situation.

Central serous chorioretinopathy; Choroidal neovascularization; Diagnosis; Therapeutics; Multimodal imaging; Optical coherence tomography angiography; Pachychoroid neovasculopathy