Research progress on the application of multi-omics analysis in the mechanism of myopia occurrence and development

As one of the most common public health issues, the prevalence of myopia is gradually increasing worldwide. Several variables, including environmental and hereditary factors, have led to the pathophysiological process of myopia. In recent years, in order to explore the potential relationship between genetic variation and specific human phenotypes, multi-omics studies including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have been widely used, and their theoretical accomplishments have contributed to uncovering the etiology and precision medicine of myopia. However, owing to the restrictions of technology and research designs, such studies still have limitations. This article reviews the concepts of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics researches of myopia and their research progress, aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanisms and internal relationships of multi-omics from different microscopic views, while providing particular biological markers and potential target genes of myopia for developing precision medicine and individualized technology.